Which Is Safer Stoneware Or Ceramic?

Stoneware and ceramic are two common types of cookware material. While they share some similarities, there are important differences between them.

Stoneware is a type of pottery that is fired at high temperatures, typically between 2100°F to 2400°F. It is dense, nonporous, and chip-resistant. Stoneware is made from natural clays and minerals that create a sturdy material when fired at high heat. The high firing temperatures make stoneware incredibly durable and allows it to withstand thermal shock. This makes it an ideal material for baking dishes, casserole dishes, and cooking pots.

Ceramic cookware encompasses all cookware made from clay that has been permanently hardened through heating. This includes earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. Ceramic cookware can vary greatly in its properties and durability depending on the clay composition and firing temperature. Lower fired ceramic at temperatures below 2200°F is more porous and prone to chipping. High fired ceramic at 2500°F or above becomes nonporous and chip-resistant like stoneware. So while stoneware is a type of ceramic, not all ceramic cookware has the same durability and heat resistance as stoneware.

Lead Content

Traditionally, stoneware has contained lead while ceramic does not. Lead was commonly added to stoneware to help lower its melting point and improve workability. However, lead is toxic if ingested, especially for children. Lead exposure can cause developmental delays, learning difficulties, irritability, loss of appetite, and more. According to the California Department of Public Health, stoneware with lead levels below Prop 65 standards is considered safe, but vintage or handmade stoneware may contain higher levels.

In contrast, ceramic does not traditionally contain lead. Ceramic is made from clay and water without lead additives. So ceramic dishes do not leach lead into food. For safety, it’s recommended to test vintage or handmade stoneware for lead, especially if chipping occurs. But standard ceramic dishes from reputable brands will be lead-free.

Thermal Shock Resistance

Thermal shock occurs when there is a rapid temperature change in cookware, causing different parts to expand or contract at different rates. This uneven expansion puts stress on the material and can lead to cracking or breaking.

Ceramic is more prone to thermal shock than stoneware. The porous nature of ceramic makes it more susceptible to cracking from sudden temperature changes. According to Digitalfire, the open porosity in ceramic can lead to cracking or crazing when exposed to thermal shock [1].

Stoneware has very low porosity, which makes it more resistant to thermal shock. As MadeinCookware explains, the dense structure and low porosity of stoneware allows it to withstand fast temperature changes without cracking [2]. So stoneware tends to be a safer choice if the cookware will experience significant hot to cold shifts.

Heat Distribution

When it comes to heat distribution, stoneware has an advantage over ceramic. Stoneware is generally thicker and denser than ceramic pieces. This allows it to absorb heat more evenly and retain that heat longer (TheSkillfulCook, 2024).

The material composition and production process of stoneware makes it excellent at conducting heat from the bottom to the walls and across the entire piece. Glazed ceramic pieces tend to have hot and cold spots. With stoneware’s even heat distribution, you can use it for tasks like baking bread or cooking pizza where you want consistent heating (ColeandMason, 2022).

Porosity

One of the key differences between stoneware and ceramic is porosity. Ceramic wares like porcelain, china, and earthenware are more porous than stoneware. This porosity comes from the clay composition and lower firing temperatures used to produce ceramic dinnerware. According to WikiHow, stoneware is fired at 2,200°F whereas ceramic wares are often fired between 1,832°F to 2,102°F. The higher firing temperature makes stoneware non-porous.

The porous nature of ceramic means it can more easily absorb liquid and stain. Acidic foods like tomatoes may cause discoloration over time on ceramic plates and bowls. In contrast, the non-porous quality of stoneware makes it more resistant to staining and absorption. This makes stoneware preferable for frequent everyday use.

Cleaning

Ceramic and stoneware require different cleaning methods due to their differing porosity. Ceramic is more porous and prone to absorbing stains, oils, and moisture, so it requires more gentle cleaning. Stoneware has a nonporous glaze that makes it easier to clean and more stain-resistant.

The Care for Your Ceramic Ware guide recommends using warm, soapy water and a soft sponge or dry cloth to gently handwash ceramic pieces. Avoid abrasive scouring powders or scrubbing that could damage the finish. While some ceramic is labeled dishwasher-safe, handwashing extends its lifespan.

Stoneware can be cleaned more rigorously, even in the dishwasher, thanks to its durable glazed surface. The How to Clean Stoneware and Ceramic Surfaces guide says streaks, grease, and other mess can usually be removed from stoneware using warm soapy water, a sponge or soft cloth. Avoid metal scouring pads or abrasive cleaners.

Chip Resistance

When it comes to chip resistance, stoneware has a clear advantage over ceramic. According to Wikihow, stoneware is fired at a much higher temperature than ceramic, making it denser and much more durable. This high firing temperature allows stoneware to better withstand impacts and resist chipping or cracking. Porcelain, a type of ceramic, is well known for easily chipping if dropped. Stoneware’s durability makes it better suited for frequent use as tableware and cooking vessels where chips and cracks could lead to safety issues. The Skillful Cook notes that stoneware is specifically engineered to be resistant to thermal shock, whereas ceramics like porcelain are delicate. Given ceramics propensity for chipping compared to stoneware, stoneware is the safer choice for dishes that will experience regular use and handling.

Aesthetics

When it comes to visual appeal, ceramic often has the edge over stoneware. Ceramic comes in a wider variety of colors, designs, and patterns compared to the earthier tones of stoneware. Glazes and decorative techniques can be used to create very intricate designs on ceramic dinnerware and serveware (Stoneware vs Ceramic: Everything You Need to Know). The refined look of ceramic tends to have a more delicate and sophisticated aesthetic versus the thicker, heavier stoneware which has a more rustic and casual style. For those wanting colorful, ornamental pieces for their kitchen and dining ware, ceramic offers greater versatility in terms of appearance.

Cost

When it comes to price, ceramic dinnerware is generally more affordable than stoneware options. As reported by The Skillful Cook, “For everyday use, stoneware is a more affordable option than either porcelain or bone china. Earthenware is the cheapest of the 100% clay bodies” (https://theskillfulcook.com/stoneware-vs-ceramic/). Ceramics such as earthenware and porcelain tend to be on the lower end of the price spectrum, while stoneware is moderately priced. According to WikiHow, “Stoneware and porcelain vary in price, but are generally more expensive than alternative materials like stainless steel, plastic, and glass” (https://www.wikihow.com/Stoneware-vs-Ceramic). When choosing between stoneware and ceramic dinnerware, ceramic generally provides a more budget-friendly option.

Summary

When evaluating stoneware vs ceramic, both materials have their pros and cons. Stoneware tends to have better thermal shock resistance and more even heat distribution due to its partially vitrified clay composition. It also has very low porosity, making it less prone to staining and odor absorption. However, ceramic can offer greater aesthetic variety in terms of colors, patterns, and finishes. It also tends to be less expensive than quality stoneware. For chip resistance, properly fired stoneware has a slight edge over ceramic. Overall, stoneware is the more durable and versatile option for frequent cooking use, while ceramic works well for serving ware and decorative pieces. Consider the priorities of thermal resistance, cleaning needs, chip resistance, aesthetics, and budget when deciding between stoneware and ceramic for your needs.