What Size Are Throwing Wheels?

A throwing wheel, also known as a potter’s wheel or pottery wheel, is a rotating circular platform that is used in shaping clay during the process of making pottery and ceramics.

Pottery wheels allow potters to create symmetrical and uniform pieces quickly and efficiently compared to handbuilding techniques. The wheel rotates while the potter shapes a piece of clay that has been centered on the wheelhead.

Throwing wheels come in many different sizes, with wheelhead diameters ranging anywhere from 10 inches up to 36 inches or more. The size of the wheelhead (the rotating circular platform) is one of the most important factors in choosing a throwing wheel, as it impacts the scale of work that can be created.

Small throwing wheels with wheelheads around 10-12 inches are well-suited for small cups, bowls and other miniature pieces. Medium sized 14-18 inch wheels are versatile for a range of functional ware and medium sized vessels. Large throwing wheels with 20 inch plus wheelheads allow for very large platters, bowls and vases.

History of Pottery Wheels

The potter’s wheel was first developed by the ancient Sumerians in Mesopotamia around 3500-3000 BCE. Early versions of the potter’s wheel consisted of a turntable that was rotated by hand or by an assistant. Over time, the size of pottery wheels evolved to enable throwing larger vessels.

In ancient Greece, the potter’s wheel was typically two to three feet in diameter and made of wood, terracotta, or stone. A notch in the center enabled the potter to rotate the wheel by hand or using a stick. Larger wheels up to five feet in diameter were developed during the Roman period to accommodate bigger pots and urns.

During the Middle Ages in Europe, most pottery wheels were fairly small, around 12-18 inches in diameter. The flywheel was made of wood and powered by an assistant via a pole. By the 18th century, treadle wheels became popular, allowing the potter to rotate the wheel using a foot pedal. Larger kick wheels up to four feet in diameter were common in factory production.

Modern electric and variable speed pottery wheels enable much greater control and allow throwing of very large pieces. However, many potters still prefer the responsive feel of traditional kick wheels around 24-30 inches in diameter for throwing smaller items.

Wheelhead/Flywheel Size

The wheelhead, also known as the flywheel, is the flat circular surface that spins while you throw your pots. Wheelheads generally range in size from 8 inches to 14 inches in diameter, with some specialty wheels going even smaller or larger. The most common pottery wheel sizes are 10-12 inches.

Some factors that determine wheelhead size include:

• Workspace size – Larger wheelheads take up more room but offer more throwing surface.
• Type of pottery – Smaller wheels around 8 inches work well for small pieces like mugs, while larger 14 inch wheels accommodate large pots or multiple pieces.
• User’s hands and body size – Larger hands and a bigger body frame tend to do better with larger wheelheads around 12-14 inches for comfort.
• Portability – Compact portable wheels usually have smaller 8-10 inch wheelheads.
• Personal preference – Many potters choose a 10 or 12 inch size as a good compromise (cite:https://www.soulceramics.com/pages/what-to-look-for-when-buying-a-pottery-wheel).

While wheelhead size comes down partly to individual needs and taste, 10-12 inches offers the most versatility for most potters.

Wheelhead Materials

The wheelhead, or flywheel, is typically made from wood, plastic, or concrete. Each material has different properties that affect the overall size and weight of the wheel.

Wooden wheelheads tend to be lighter and smaller, with diameters commonly around 12-18 inches. Popular woods are maple and birch. A benefit of wood is that it has some natural “give” and flex, which can make throwing a little easier on your hands and wrists. Hardwoods like maple are durable while being lighter than materials like concrete.

Plastic wheelheads are also relatively lightweight and range from about 12-20 inches in diameter. They are smooth, waterproof, and easy to clean. However they may not have the same natural flex as wood. Brands such as Shimpo and Brent use durable polypropylene plastic.

Concrete wheelheads are the heaviest option, with sizes from 20-30 inches commonly found. The substantial weight provides momentum while throwing. But concrete tends to be less forgiving compared to wood, transmitting more vibration into hands and arms. Concrete holds moisture so requires additional sealing.

In general, smaller and lighter wheelheads in the 12-18 inch range are preferred by beginners and those focused on smaller vessels and bowls. Larger and heavier wheelheads suit experienced throwers doing large quantities of clay.

Source: https://www.thecrucible.org/guides/ceramics/wheel-throwing/

Bat Size

The size of the bat is directly related to the size of the wheelhead. Bats are typically made to be slightly smaller than the wheelhead diameter so that the bat can overhang the wheelhead slightly for stability.

Some common standard bat sizes include:

• 9″ bats for 10-12″ wheelheads
• 11-12″ bats for 12-14″ wheelheads
• 13-15″ bats for 14-16″ wheelheads

For example, a standard 12″ bat would be a good fit for a 14″ wheelhead, overhanging the edges by 1″ all around (according to Pottery Wheel Bats). Larger 18-20″ bats may also be used for jumbo wheelheads.

The most common bat sizes used by beginner and intermediate potters tend to be in the 11-15″ range for wheelheads 12-16″ in diameter.

Motor Power

The power of the motor is an important consideration when choosing a pottery wheel, as it determines the amount of torque delivered to turn the wheel head. More powerful motors with higher wattage provide greater torque, which is needed to spin larger throwing wheels and heavier loads of clay without slowing down or stalling.

Motors for pottery wheels typically range from about 100-300 watts. Small tabletop wheels may have lower wattage around 100-150 watts, while larger wheels require more power in the 200-300 watt range. As a general guideline, medium throwing wheels 12-14 inches require around 1/4 horsepower or 180 watts. Larger wheels from 16-18 inches need upwards of 1/2 horsepower or 350 watts for adequate power.

Higher wattage motors not only turn bigger wheels but also provide more strength for centering large lumps of clay. Insufficient motor power can make throwing challenging and limit the size of pieces that can be created before the wheel slows down under pressure.

While wattage ratings provide a general indication of power, the amount of torque also depends on the motor design and drive system. Direct drive motors deliver torque more efficiently from the motor shaft straight to the wheel head.[1] So torque specifications, not just wattage, should be considered when selecting a powerful motor.

Space Considerations

The size of your throwing wheel and studio space are closely interrelated. According to Seattle Pottery Supply, smaller tabletop wheels with wheelheads under 20 lbs are well-suited to tight spaces, while larger wheels with heavy flywheels require more room. Wheels with 20-50 lb flywheels need around 25 square feet of space, while extra-large wheels over 100 lbs need closer to 64 square feet.

Consider not just the footprint of the wheel itself, but the additional space needed around it for throwing, storing clay and tools, and managing the “splash zone”. Allow enough room to walk around the wheel and sit down comfortably without banging knees. If space is tight, consider a wheel with a splash pan that can slide under when not in use.

Wheels like the Shimpo Aspire offer collapsible legs for storage against a wall when not in use. For permanent installations, bolt wheels to sturdy workbenches built to support their weight and withstand vibration.

Portability

Portable pottery wheels are ideal for artists who need to easily transport their wheel or have limited space. According to Bailey Pottery, portable wheels typically weigh between 20-40 lbs, with some smaller tabletop models weighing as little as 10 lbs. This makes them much easier to move compared to larger wheels. Smaller wheelheads, often 8-12 inches, also take up less space and can easily fit on a tabletop workspace.

Wheels designed for portability will have features to make them easy to pack up and transport. Many feature quick-release levers that allow the wheelhead to separate from the base. Foldable legs are another common feature. Potters who frequently travel to workshops or shows will benefit from a lightweight portable wheel that can easily fit in a car.

Ergonomics

The height of the wheelhead is an important ergonomic consideration. The general recommendation is that the wheelhead height should be around belly button level when standing (PSA: Standing to Throw & Potter Ergonomics). This allows the potter to work without excessive bending or reaching up. Standard wheelhead heights tend to range from 19-21 inches off the ground, though some wheels may be slightly higher or lower (What Height Should My Potter’s Wheel Be?).

Some wheels come with adjustable height seats or stands to accommodate different users. Sitting can help reduce strain on the back and legs during long throwing sessions. Seat design, adjustability, and proximity to the wheelhead are important factors for seated throwing. Wheels with larger wheelheads and bats allow for more flexibility in body positioning while throwing.

Choosing the right size wheel for your body type and throwing style can help minimize fatigue and discomfort when throwing for extended periods. Testing out different wheel sizes and configurations is recommended to find the optimal setup for your ergonomic needs.

Personal Preferences

When choosing a throwing wheel size, personal preference is an important factor to consider. The size you choose should feel comfortable and allow you maximize control while throwing. Here are some key considerations around personal preferences:

Comfort – Larger wheels around 14″ tend to be more comfortable for most potters as it allows you to fully extend your arms while throwing. Smaller wheels like 10″ can feel cramped. However, smaller potters, like children, may find a smaller wheel more comfortable.

Control – Larger wheels provide more leverage which can make centering clay easier. But smaller wheels like 10″ provide a high degree of control for detail work. Potters doing precision work may opt for a smaller wheel.

Aesthetics – The look and feel of a wheel can influence choice. Larger cast iron wheels have a traditional look. Modern style plastic or metal composite wheels come in a range of bold colors. Consider which aesthetic you prefer.

The key is finding the right balance of comfort, control and style based on your size, needs and artistic vision. Test drive different sized wheels to find your ideal fit.